• Propagation of E_x(z,t) signal produced by a 1 MHz source f(t)=sin(wt)u(t) located on z=0 plane.
  • The propagating wave field is incident on a reflector placed on z=900 m plane.
• For the top animation the reflection coefficient is -1.
  • the reflected wave amplitude equals the incident wave amplitude.
  • therefore the superposition of the incident and reflected waves establishes a standing wave.
• For the bottom animation the reflection coefficient is 1/3.
  • after the incident wave is reflected a partially standing wave is established in the region z<900 m.
  • the partially standing wave can also described as a "galloping wave" for obvious reasons.
  • the standing wave ratio --- defined as the maximum to minimum amplitude ratio --- is 2 in this case.